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ARJUNA (TERMINALIA ARJUNA)

Parts used: Stem & Bark

Common Names: Arjuna / White Marudah

Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna (Qualities): Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya (Potency): Sheet (Cold)

Vipaka (Post Digestion Effect): Katu (Pungent)

Karma (Pharmacological Activity): Hrudya (Cardiac Tonic), Kapha (Earth & Water), Pitta (Fire & Air)

Bioactive Compounds: Tannins, Triterpenoid Saponins (Arjunic Acid, Arjunolic Acid, Arjungenin, Arjunglycosides), Flavonoids (Arjunone, Arjunolone, Luteolin)

Family: Combretaceae          Subfamily: Combretoideae          Tribe: Combreteae

The arjuna tree grows in various regions throughout India and Ceylon. The plant can also be found in Myanmar and Sri Lanka. The Arjuna tree can grow up to 25 meters, or 60-70 feet in height. The bark is generally grey and smooth. It grows almost in all types of soils, but prefers humid, fertile loam and red lateritic soils. It can tolerate half submergence for a few weeks.

Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is one of the sacred trees of India which has been used on several religious occasions as well as in Ayurvedic formation since ancient times. It was introduced into Ayurveda as a treatment for heart diseases, wounds, haemorrhages, and ulcers by Vagbhata (He is one of the three classic writers of Ayurveda, along with Charaka & Sushruta who wrote the Ashtanga, Sangraha and the Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita). Arjuna is known by its various names such as Arjan, Dhanvi, Koha, Kahu, White Marudah, Orjun, Yerra Maddi, Sadada, Indradruma, Kakubha, Karvirak and many more.

Cardiac Health: Arjuna is a well-known heart tonic and cardio-protective herb. It strengthens the heart muscles and treats cardiac debility. It also increases the coronary artery flow and protects the heart muscles from ischemic damage. Arjuna also helps in the dilation of the blood vessels and dissolves the plaque to improve blood flow. Thus it is effective in managing cardiac problems such as high blood pressure, palpitations and rapid heartbeat

Ayurvedic View: Arjuna helps to control heart disease and improve heart function properly. It also helps maintain normal blood pressure and heart rate. This is due to its Hrdya (cardiac tonic) property.

 

Angina (Heart-Related Chest Pain): Arjuna is beneficial in the management of chest pain (angina). Studies suggest that the bark of Arjuna shows a significant reduction in chest pain by lowering the level of cortisol i.e., the stress hormone. Arjuna also increases exercise tolerance, improves HDL levels and reduces blood pressure in people with stable angina.

Ayurvedic View: Angina is due to an aggravated Kapha but the pain associated with it is a symptom of aggravated Vata. An aggravated Kapha leads to the production of Ama (toxic remains in the body due to improper digestion) in the body. This Ama accumulates in the heart channels and causes a blockage leading to an aggravated Vata. This causes pain in the chest area. Arjuna has Kapha balancing property. It helps to reduce Ama, removes the blockage of heart channels and calms the aggravated Vata. This helps reduce chest pain.

 

Diarrhoea:  Arjuna might be beneficial in managing diarrhea. Certain constituents present in Arjuna has antimicrobial and astringent properties that controls the intestinal infection caused by microorganisms. It regulates the gut motility and prevents excessive loss of water and electrolytes from the body

Ayurvedic View: Diarrhea is known as Atisar in Ayurveda. It is due to improper food, impure water, toxins, mental stress and Agnimandya (weak digestive fire). All these factors are responsible for aggravating Vata. This aggravated Vata brings fluid in the intestine from various tissues from the body and mixes with the stool. This leads to loose, watery motions or diarrhea. Arjuna chaal (bark) helps to control the frequency of motion and helps to retain fluid in the body. This is because of its Kashaya (astringent) and Sita (cold) property.

 

Anti-inflammatory: Arjuna is useful to manage lung problems like infection, cough, asthma and bronchitis.

Ayurvedic View: Lung problems like bronchitis are known as Kasroga and is caused by poor digestion. Poor diet and incomplete elimination of wastes leads to the formation of Ama (toxic remains in the body due to improper digestion). This Ama accumulates in the form of mucous in the lungs and leads to bronchitis. Taking Arjuna helps to reduce Ama and remove mucous due to its Kapha balancing property.

 

Diuretic: Arjuna has antibacterial property and helps in the management of urinary tract infection. Arjuna also manages symptoms like increased urine frequency

Ayurvedic View: Urinary tract infection is described under the broad term of Mutrakcchra in Ayurveda. Mutra means ooze, krichra means painful. Thus, dysuria and painful urination is called as Mutrakcchra. Taking Arjuna in case of urinary tract infection helps to reduce pain during urination and increase the urine flow. This is due to its Mutral (diuretic) property. It also reduces burning sensation and gives a cooling effect while urination because of its Sita (cold) nature

Improvement of cardiac muscle function and subsequent improved pumping activity of the heart seems to be the primary benefit of Terminalia. It is thought the saponin glycosides might be responsible for the inotropic effect of Terminalia, while the flavonoids and OPCs provide free radical antioxidant activity and vascular strengthening. Certain constituents such as Tannins and glycosides present in Arjuna bark have an antioxidant property that protects the heart muscles and blood vessels against damage caused by free radicals. It is also helpful in dilatation of the blood vessels and is very effective in coagulation of the blood in case of any injuries and otherwise essential for maintaining proper thickness of the blood. This is very helpful in stimulation of the heart for its working in the most optimized levels. This property of coagulation is attained by due to the presence of kshaya rasa i.e. astringent taste in it.

  • Das K, Chakraborty PP, Ghosh D, et al. Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Terminalia arjuna against Dehydrating Induced Oxidative Stress and Uremia in Male Rat.Iran J Pharm Res. 2010 Spring; 9(2): 153–161.
  • Gupta R, Singhal S, Goyle A, et al. Antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree-bark powder: A randomised placebo-controlled trial.J Assoc Physicians India.2001;49:231-235.
  • Priya N, Mathur KC, Sharma A, et al. Effect of Terminalia Arjuna on total platelet count and lipid profile in patients of coronary artery disease. Advances in human biology.2019;9(1):98-101.
  • Haq M, Huque M, Chaudhury AR, et al. Cardiotonic effects of Terminalia arjuna extracts on guinea pig heart in vitro.Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2012;7:164-168.

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